Tory leadership: How secure is the online vote?

The Conservative Party has given details of how its new leader - and the next prime minister - will be elected.

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Conservative MPs will vote for their preferred candidate to succeed Liz Truss in a series of ballots. But if there are still two candidates remaining after these votes, then the contest will be decided by Conservative Party members "via secure online voting".

Voters will have to have been members for at least three months to be allowed to participate.

The ballot will close at 11:00 on Friday 28 October.

Is it safe to have online voting?

Conservative Party chairman Jake Berry was asked this and replied: "Without going into the security measures we will take, for reasons I"m sure you will understand, we are satisfied that the online voting system will be secure".

During the last Tory leadership election, held over the summer, the opening of the online ballot was delayed after the National Cyber Security Centre (NCSC) - which is part of GCHQ - reportedly warned that the system could be vulnerable to outside interference.

When the ballot did open, the rules were changed so that members could no longer change their minds once they had submitted their votes.

Members were sent a ballot pack by post that contained two security codes that allowed them to vote online. They were also sent a paper ballot that they could return instead if they preferred, but that will not be an option this time.

Are there other concerns?

There have been questions asked about who is allowed to vote in the leadership election.

BBC News pointed out that the approximately 1,600 members of Conservatives Abroad, who do not need to be British nationals or be allowed to vote in UK elections to join, are nonetheless allowed to vote in leadership elections.

During the last leadership election, one news organisation registered foreign nationals, a person who did not exist and a pet tortoise as members of the Conservative Party.

There are also concerns that, with less than four days allowed for members to vote, "there"s little time to sort out problems that always come up", Prof Schneider says, giving the example of members having moved or changed their email addresses.